We all know when it comes to religion, faith and associated philosophy,
there are two typical tradition or path - "Astika(Orthodox) and
"Nastika" (Heterodox).
Orthodox follows Vedic rituals.In ancient India (even now in modern India)
orthodox society rely heavily on Brahmans when it comes to rituals and
ceremonies.
Buddhism and Jainism were two major Anastik or Heterodox philosophy
arose during sixth century BCE.
A very less known but another prominent Heterodox school of thought
was "Ajivika". In fact historically, this philosophy precedes Jainism
and Budhism. Many historians links it with Jainism as well. Unfortunately
no ancient literature is available on this philosophy.
People of this sect were supported by Maurya Empire specially at the
time of Bindusara. Their presence soon started declining and they survived
mainly around Mysore until 14th century CE. After that there is no mention
of this sect in history.
Ajivikas did not believe in role of Karma in destiny. In fact they are
known for the concept of 'Niyati' i.e., absolute determination. As per
this doctrine, everything that has happened, is happening and will happen
is preordained. It is opposed to the concept of Karma which says our
present condition is due to past actions and Karma can influence future.
Its an interesting philosophy and many a times we talk about Karma
and Niyati. But little was known as a fact that this concept of Niyati
was a well established doctrine in Indian History.
Our history is full of mystery many known many unknowns.
I read about it while my quest to read and understand ancient
history & philosophy and found this interesting piece of history,
so thought to share.
Madhukar's Musings 